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翻譯：The fluids of a petroleum reservoir are generally gas, oil, and water in varying proportions. Each phase can differ widely in composition and properties. Gas and oil, either as separate fluids or in mixtures, change their state or phase as reservoir pressure changes.
翻譯：Practically every rig uses internal-combustion engines as its prime power source, or its prime mover.
翻譯：A porous medium has a permeability of one darcy when a single phase fluid of one centipoise viscosity that completely fills the voids of the medium, will flow through it under conditions of viscous flow at a rate of one cubic centimeter per second per square centimeter cross sectional area under a pressure or equivalent hydraulic gradient of one atmosphere per centimeter.
翻譯：A portion of the sample is used to determine the gravity of the oil expressed in AIP unit the lighter the oil, the higher the API gravity .In most cases the price paid for the coude is determined in prat by the API gravity, hence ,the importance of careful gravity determination in each instance.
翻譯：The HF-HCI mixture (usually 3-percent HF and 12-percent HCI) then is injected. The HF reacts with calys, sand, drilling mud, or cement filtrate to improve permeability near the well-bore.The HCI will not react and is present to keep the PH low, preventing precipitation of HF reaction products. Sent to keep the PH low, preventing precipitation of HF reaction products.
翻譯：A reservoir trap is a combination of physical conditions that will cause hydrocarbon liquids and/or gases and water to accumulate in porous and permeable rock and prevent them from escaping either laterally or vertically because of differences in specific gravity, pressure, fluid/gas characteristics, and/or lithology. It has the capability of collection, holding, and yielding hydrocarbon fluids and water.
翻譯：THE OPEC oil cartel is about to turn 40, and the mood in the run-up to the grand heads-of-state party in Venezuela in less than three weeks time is jubilant. Not quite two years ago,oil was $10 a barrel and the cartel was on the brink of collapse. Now the oil price is well above $30 a barrel, and it shows little sign of coming down.
翻譯：Other additives are often added to the fracturing fluids for special proposes. Corrosion inhibitors may be used if the fracturing fluids might cause corrosion in the tubular goods in the well.Other additives are used to make the part of the fracturing fluid which is moving against the pipe walls behave almost like lubricating oil while the remaining fracturing fluid take an almost solid form to carry the maximum amount of proppant.
翻譯：For example ,the determination of the pump-setting depth and size of plunger that will lead to the maximum pumping rate in a particular well is a problem of considerable difficulty, which even today has not been fully or saris factorial solved; another interesting problem is that of gas anchors(bottom-hole separators); yet another is the interpretation of the results obtained form devices for determining the depth of the fluid level in the annulus during pumping.
翻譯：The primary limitations for gas lift operations are the lack of formation gas of an outside source of gas, wide well spacing, and available space for compressors on off-shore plat forms. Generally, gas lift is not applicable to single-well installations and widely spaced wells that are not suited for a centrally located power system.