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General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.
Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.
Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.
Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.
Phonology
In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.
Morphology
Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.
P （）refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.